2023北京市高考英語真題試卷及答案

時間：2024-02-06 11:10:05 舒淇高考試卷

第一部分知識運用(共兩節(jié)，30分)

第一節(jié)(共15分)

閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。

I was always timid(羞怯的). Being new to the school made me even ____1____ , so it was surprising I’d ____2____ to anyone around me. Now I was paying the price﹣to write a five﹣page essay on “Why I Should Not Talk in Class”. That would take all night!

After I got home, though. I took my time petting the cat﹣postponing the pain.

When I finally sat down to ____3____, I began with the reasons Ms Black would want to hear.

Talking kept me and my neighbours from ____4____. One paragraph down; now what? I chewed on my pencil. Aha! What if talking were the first step towards life as a criminal? Without the education I was throwing away, I’d turn to theft and go to prison. When I got out, people would say, “She used to talk in class.” The pages began ____5____.

But when mum got home from work, I was still ____6____, “Five pages! That’s impossible!”

“Well, you’d better get back to work,” she said. “and I want to read it when you’re through.”

Soon after dinner, I handed the essay to mum. I half expected a____7____﹣at least an “I hope you’ve learned your lesson”. ____8____, mum laughed and laughed as she read.

The next day, when Ms Black read the essay to the class, everyone laughed. I could ____9____ they weren’t making fun of me: they laughed because I had the power to tell a funny story. My____10____ still needed some nudging(激發(fā)), but I did learn I wasn’t shy in print.

1. A. freer B. shyer C. calmer D. happier

2. A. nod B. point C. listen D. chat

3. A. weep B. rest C. write D. read

4. A. learning B. playing C. planning D. laughing

5. A. standing out B. flying by C. breaking up D. checking in

6. A. celebrating B. longing C. complaining D. warning

7. A. lecture B. reason C. reward D. solution

8. A. Therefore B. Moreover C. Meanwhile D. Instead

9. A. hope B. imagine C. tell D. predict

10. A. patience B. confidence C. tolerance D. independence

第二節(jié)(共15分)

閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。

Every culture is riddled with unwritten rules, such as ones on punctuality (守時). I’m British. Soon after moving to Switzerland, I ____11____(throw) a house-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up ____12____(exact) on time. Years later, having moved to France. I turned up at the appointed hour for a dinner, only to find that no other guest____13____(arrive) and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit.

Mangroves, known as “red forest” in China, grow between land and sea, characterised by their complex roots. When ____14____(see) from afar, the mangrove forests appear more splendid.

Mangroves can help soften waves and protect ____15____(city) from coastal winds. For these reasons, they are praised as “coastal guardians”. Up to now, China ____16____(establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves.

Nina has run marathons in 32 countries. All of her runs have a guiding purpose: to call attention ____17____ global water issues. Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago, ____18____ thousands were attending a water conference.She called for action ____19____(address)the struggles of people around the world ____20____(face) “too little water or too dirty water”. Her efforts have encouraged others to take part by running through a global campaign called“Run Blue”.

第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)

第一節(jié)(共28分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。

The International Olympic Committee(IOC)Young Leaders programme empowers talents to make a positive difference in their communities through sport. Twenty-five Young Leaders are being selected every two years for a four-year period. They promote the Olympic values, spreading the message of sport for good.

To be an IOC Young Leader, you need to first complete the 4-Week Learning Sprint (沖刺).

4-Week Learning Sprint

The 4-Week Learning Sprint, which will take place during November 2023, is a virtual learning programme. The sessions can be attended live or watched back after they are made available on the IOC channel. Each week, participants will be asked to complete a topic﹣specific reflection task.

The 4-Week Learning Sprint is open to anyone, with the target audience aged between 20 and 28.

After successfully completing the 4-Week Learning Sprint, you will need to submit a plan for a sport﹣based project, which you will work on if selected as an IOC Young Leader.

Requirements for the Applicants

?You have successfully completed the 4-Week Learning Sprint.

?You have completed your high school studies.

?You have at least one year of work experience.

?You have strong public speaking skills.

?You are self-motivated and committed.

?You are passionate about creating positive change in your community.

?You are open to being coached and advised by experts and peers (同伴).

?You are able to work with people from different backgrounds.

21. In the 4-Week Learning Sprint, participants will ________.

A. create change in their community B. attend a virtual learning programme

C. meet people from different backgrounds D. promote the IOC Young Leaders project

22. If selected as an IOC Young Leader, one will need to ________.

A. complete a reflection task each week B. watch sports on the IOC channel

C. work on a sport-based project D. coach and advise their peers

23. Which is a requirement for the applicants?

A. Spreading the message of sport for good. B. Having at least one-year work experience.

C#FormatImgID_1# Showing great passion for project planning. D. Committing themselves to becoming an expert.

Sitting in the garden for my friend’s birthday. I felt a buzz (振動) in my pocket. My heart raced when I saw the email sender’s name. The email started off: “Dear Mr Green, thank you for your interest” and “the review process took longer than expected.” It ended with “We are sorry to inform you…”and my vision blurred (模糊). The position—measuring soil quality in the Sahara Desert as part of an undergraduate research programme — had felt like the answer I had spent years looking for.

I had put so much time and emotional energy into applying, and I thought the rejection meant the end of the road for my science career.

So I was shocked when, not long after the email, Professor Mary Devon, who was running the programme, invited me to observe the work being done in her lab. I jumped at the chance, and a few weeks later I was equally shocked—and overjoyed—when she invited me to talk with her about potential projects I could pursue in her lab. What she proposed didn’t seem as exciting as the original project I had applied to, but I was going to give it my all.

I found myself working with a robotics professor on techniques for collecting data from the desert remotely. That project, which I could complete from my sofa instead of in the burning heat of the desert, not only survived the lockdown but worked where traditional methods didn’t. In the end, I had a new scientific interest to pursue.

When I applied to graduate school, I found three programmes promising to allow me to follow my desired research direction. And I applied with the same anxious excitement as before. When I was rejected from one that had seemed like a perfect fit, it was undoubtedly difficult. But this time I had the perspective (視角) to keep it from sending me into panic. It helped that in the end I was accepted into one of the other programmes I was also excited about.

Rather than setting plans in stone, I’ve learned that sometimes I need to take the opportunities that are offered, even if they don’t sound perfect at the time, and make the most of them.

24. How did the author feel upon seeing the email sender’s name?

A. Anxious. B. Angry. C. Surprised. D. Settled.

25. After talking with Professor Devon, the author decided to ________.

A. criticise the review process B. stay longer in the Sahara Desert

C. apply to the original project again D. put his heart and soul into the lab work

26. According to the author, the project with the robotics professor was ________.

A. demanding B. inspiring C. misleading D. amusing

27. What can we learn from this passage?

A. An invitation is a reputation. B. An innovation is a resolution.

C. A rejection can be a redirection. D. A reflection can be a restriction.

In recent years, researchers from diverse fields have agreed that short-termism is now a significant problem in industrialised societies. The inability to engage with longer-term causes and consequences leads to some of the world’s most serious problems: climate change, biodiversity collapse, and more. The historian Francis Cole argues that the West has entered a period where “only the present exists, a present characterised at once by the cruelty of the instant and by the boredom of an unending now”.

It has been proved that people have a bias (偏向) towards the present, focusing on loud attractions in the moment at the expense of the health, well-being and financial stability of their future selves or community. In business, this bias surfaces as short-sighted decisions. And on slow-burning problems like climate change, it translates into the unwillingness to make small sacrifices (犧牲) today that could make a major difference tomorrow. Instead, all that matters is next quarter’s profit, or satisfying some other near-term desires.

These biased perspectives cannot be blamed on one single cause. It is fair to say, though, that our psychological biases play a major role. People’s hesitancy to delay satisfaction is the most obvious example, but there are others.One of them is about how the most accessible information in the present affects decisions about the future. For instance, you might hear someone say: “It’s cold this winter, so I needn’t worry about global warming.”Another is that loud and urgent matters are given too much importance, making people ignore longer-term trends that arguably matter more. This is when a pop star draws far more attention than, say, gradual biodiversity decline.

As a psychologist once joked, if aliens (外星人) wanted to weaken humanity, they wouldn’t send ships; they would invent climate change. Indeed, when it comes to environmental transformations, we can develop a form of collective “poor memory”, and each new generation can believe the state of affairs they encounter is nothing out of the ordinary. Older people today, for example, can remember a time with insect-covered car windscreens after long drives. Children, on the other hand, have no idea that insect population has dropped dramatically.

28. The author quotes Francis Cole mainly to ________.

A. draw a comparison

B. introduce a topic

C. evaluate a statement

D. highlight a problem

29. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

A#FormatImgID_2# Climate change has been forgotten.

B. Lessons of history are highly valued.

C. The human mind is bad at noting slow change.

D. Humans are unwilling to admit their shortcomings.

30. What does the author intend to tell us?

A. Far-sighted thinking matters to humans.

B. Humans tend to make long-term sacrifices.

C. Current policies facilitate future decision-making.

D. Bias towards the present helps reduce near-term desires.

What is life? Like most great questions, this one is easy to ask but difficult to answer. The reason is simple: we know of just one type of life and it’s challenging to do science with a sample size of one. The field of artificial life-called ALife for short — is the systematic attempt to spell out life’s fundamental principles. Many of these practitioners, so-called ALifers, think that somehow making life is the surest way to really understand what life is.

So far no one has convincingly made artificial life. This track record makes ALife a ripe target for criticism, such as declarations of the field’s doubtful scientific value. Alan Smith, a complexity scientist, is tired of such complaints. Asking about “the point” of ALife might be, well, missing the point entirely, he says. “The existence of a living system is not about the use of anything.” Alan says. “Some people ask me, ‘So what’s the worth of artificial life?’ Do you ever think, ‘What is the worth of your grandmother?’”

As much as many ALifers hate emphasizing their research’s applications, the attempts to create artificial life could have practical payoffs. Artificial intelligence may be considered ALife’s cousin in that researchers in both fields are enamored by a concept called open-ended evolution (演化). This is the capacity for a system to create essentially endless complexity, to be a sort of “novelty generator”. The only system known to exhibit this is Earth’s biosphere. If the field of ALife manages to reproduce life’s endless “creativity” in some virtual model, those same principles could give rise to truly inventive machines.

Compared with the developments of Al, advances in ALife are harder to recognize. One reason is that ALife is a field in which the central concept — life itself — is undefined. The lack of agreement among ALifers doesn’t help either. The result is a diverse line of projects that each advance along their unique paths. For better or worse, ALife mirrors the very subject it studies. Its muddled (混亂的) progression is a striking parallel (平行線) to the evolutionary struggles that have shaped Earth biosphere.

Undefined and uncontrolled#FormatImgID_3# ALife drives its followers to repurpose old ideas and generated novelty. It may be, of course, that these characteristics aren’t in any way surprising or singular. They may apply universally to all acts of evolution. Ultimately ALife may be nothing special. But even this dismissal suggests something：perhaps, just like life itself throughout the universe, the rise of ALife will prove unavoidable.

31. Regarding Alan Smith’s defence of ALife, the author is .

A. supportive B. puzzled C. unconcerned D. doubtful

32. What does the word “enamored” underlined in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?

A#FormatImgID_4# Shocked. B. Protected. C. Attracted. D. Challenged.

33. What can we learn from this passage?

A. ALife holds the key to human future. B. ALife and AI share a common feature.

C. AI mirrors the developments of ALife. D. AI speeds up the process of human evolution.

34. Which would be the best title for the passage?

A. Life Is Undefined. Can AI Be a Way Out?

B. Life Evolves. Can AI Help ALife Evolve, Too?

C. Life Is Undefined. Can ALife Be Defined One Day?

D. Life Evolves. Can Attempts to Create ALife Evolve, Too?

第二節(jié)(共10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。

It’s a joyful and stressful time of year in the United States for students and their families as they make decisions about where to attend college. Families often turn to rankings systems to help make a decision. ____35____

When I talk to families as a scholar of higher education, they’re often surprised that teaching excellence is not counted in rankings. ____36____

Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities. ____37____ The absence of teaching excellence from the rankings is surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is one of the most important predictors of a wide range of college outcomes.

Rankings, however, are only one reason why a low value is placed on teaching in higher education. Administrators often don’t view teaching excellence as a way to increase enrolment (注冊) or funding. ____38____ Research shows that the more time instructors spend on teaching, the lower their salary. What is the result? Many instructors continue to teach using traditional lectures, which lead to lower success rates.

____39____ Nevertheless, not much will change until schools with high-quality teaching are rewarded with more resources, higher rankings and increased enrolments. In the long term, universities, organisations that rank schools, and others should work to make teaching a valued, core part of the mission.

What should students and their families do? They should give strong consideration to universities where high-quality teaching is valued, even though the schools may be ranked lower.

A. Higher education has achieved its true potential.

B. Therefore, it’s not highly valued in hiring or promotion.

C. Quality teaching has been an important reputation-building factor.

D. However, the rankings ignore a critical factor: the quality of teaching.

E. Efforts to improve teaching at the university level have recently emerged.

F. They’re even more surprised at how teaching is undervalued by universities.

G. In fact, universities often shift emphasis from teaching to other ranking factors.

第三部分書面表達(共兩節(jié)，32分)

第一節(jié)(共4題;第(1)、(2)題各2分，第(3)題3分，第(4)題5分，共12分)

閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。請在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答。

Habit formation is the process by which behaviours become automatic. People develop countless habits as they explore the world, whether they are aware of them or not. Understanding how habits take shape may be helpful in changing bad habits.

Habits are built through learning and repetition. A person is thought to develop a habit in the course of pursuing goals by beginning to associate certain cues(刺激) with behavioural responses that help meet the goal. Over time, thoughts of the behaviour and ultimately the behaviour itself are likely to be triggered(觸發(fā)) by these cues.

A “habit loop(環(huán))” is a way of describing several related elements that produce habits. These elements are called the cue, the routine, and the reward. For example, stress could serve as a cue that one responds to by eating, which produces the reward﹣the reduction of stress. While a routine involves repeated behaviour, it’s not necessarily performed in response to a deep﹣rooted urge, as a habit is.

Old habits can be difficult to shake, and healthy habits are often harder to develop. But through repetition, it’s possible to form new habits. The amount of time needed to build a habit will depend on multiple factors, including the individual and the intended behaviour. While you are able to pickup a new habit in a few weeks, it takes many months to build a healthy habit. Take some time to think about what leads to bad habits and re﹣evaluate what you get out of them (or don’t). Consider and keep in mind why you want to make a change, including how the change reflects your values.

40. How are habits built?

________________________________________________________________

41. In what way is a routine different from a habit?

________________________________________________________________

42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.

Picking up a new habit takes a few week, while building a healthy habit takes a shorter time.

________________________________________________________________

43. What benefit(s) have you got from one of your good habits?(In about 40 words)

________________________________________________________________

第二節(jié)(20分)

44. 假設你是紅星中學高三學生李華。你的英國好友Jim正在策劃一次以“綠色北京”為主題的社團活動，他發(fā)來郵件詢問你的建議。請你用英文給他回復，內(nèi)容包括：

(1)活動形式;

(2)活動內(nèi)容。

注意：(1)詞數(shù)100左右;

(2)開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。

Dear Jim，

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours，

Li Hua

2023年北京市高考英語試卷參考答案

第一部分知識運用(共兩節(jié)，30分)

第一節(jié)(共15分)

閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。

【1~10題答案】

【答案】1. B 2. D 3. C 4. A 5. B 6. C 7. A 8. D 9. C 10. B

第二節(jié)(共15分)

【11~13題答案】

【答案】11. would throw

12#FormatImgID_5# exactly

13. had arrived

【14~16題答案】

【答案】14. seen

15. cities 16. has established

【17~20題答案】

【答案】17. to 18. where

19. to address

20. facing

第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)

第一節(jié)(共28分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。

【21~23題答案】

【答案】21. B 22. C 23. B

【24~27題答案】

【答案】24. A 25. D 26. B 27. C

【28~30題答案】

【答案】28. D 29. C 30. A

【31~34題答案】

【答案】31. A 32. C 33. B 34. D

【35~39題答案】

【答案】35. D 36. F 37. G 38. B 39. C

第三部分書面表達(共兩節(jié)，32分)

第一節(jié)(共4題;第(1)、(2)題各2分，第(3)題3分，第(4)題5分，共12分)

【40~43題答案】

【答案】40. Habits are built through learning and repetition.

41. A routine involves repeated behaviour while a habit is a deep﹣rooted urge.

42. Picking up a new habit takes a few week, while building a healthy habit takes a shorter time. Because building a healthy habit takes many months.

43. I have a good habit of going to bed early and getting up early. Therefore, I can study energetically every morning, which makes me study efficiently. Also, I am very healthy.

第二節(jié)(20分)

【44題答案】

【答案】Dear Jim,

Hearing that you are planning a club activity with the theme of “Green Beijing” and need my help, I am writing to offer you my suggestions.

I think you can carry out this activity in an interactive and experiential manner, which means students can participate and have a better understanding of “Green Beijing” through getting involved in different activities by themselves. You can showcase garbage classification on site, plant trees and publicize sharing economy, which will all fit into the theme of “Green Beijing”.

Hopefully, you will get some inspiration from my suggestions. Wish you success.

Yours,

Li Hua

高考英語答題技巧和方法

一、聽力

聽力是高考試卷中的第一道大題，分值很大。聽力除了本身的難度，還對個人的整體發(fā)揮有很大的影響，不少人就是因為聽力沒聽懂，所以就亂了，以至于后面也沒能發(fā)揮出正常水平。

聽力其實就是兩點。第一，聽到數(shù)字時馬上記錄，當然高考英語沒那么簡單，第一個聽到的數(shù)字往往是干擾選項，并不是答案，一般后面出現(xiàn)的數(shù)字才是答案。第二，聽力有時候聽不懂，問題也不是關于數(shù)字的，這時就要聯(lián)想平時的訓練，往往那些平時練習中的英語聽力高頻詞匯如果出現(xiàn)了，那么一般就是答案。

二、閱讀

閱讀小編這里也給出兩大類方法，一類是先看問題，猜測大意，然后帶著問題閱讀。第二類，先瀏覽文章。

對于第一類，先看問題時，一定要懂得把幾個問題關聯(lián)起來，猜測大意，記住問題問了什么，然后讀文章，不一定要讀懂，只要找出文章中自己需要的部分。

第二類，先要瀏覽文章，把每一段講了什么記錄下來，然后看問題，再回過頭來，找出對應段落，細讀，最終找出答案。

三、完形填空

完形填空往往比閱讀更難做，它不僅要求考生明白大意，而且對考生詞匯量的要求也很高。選項中常常會給出幾個意思相近的詞，這時那個在考試大綱中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的詞匯，一般是答案，因為高考不是為了為難人，而是為了督促更多人努力獲取知識，而那些大綱中的高頻詞匯，也就是重點詞匯。

四、語法填空

提到語法很多人就頭疼，不過英語語法沒有漢語那么復雜，根據(jù)很多老師的建議，只要把漢語語法中的主謂賓語和定狀補語弄清楚，那么英語語法也沒有什么困難。

小編統(tǒng)計近三年全國卷發(fā)現(xiàn)，沒有一個語法填空，填的是所給詞匯的原型，一般過去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、不定式、分詞做狀語等是高頻考點。

五、短文改錯

目前全國卷的短文改錯是十分，一共有十處錯誤，但是如果考生改的超過了十處，那么以前十個為準。

短文改錯考點有以下這些，語法錯誤、詞匯變化錯誤、連詞使用錯誤，這四處錯誤在近三年全國卷中，每年都有出現(xiàn)。其中連詞錯誤，經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的是轉(zhuǎn)折與承接的錯誤，也就是but與and應用錯誤，此外現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的錯誤也是一直都出現(xiàn)的。

六、作文

作文是英語考試的最后一題，也是整個高考的最后一題。作文首先要做到兩點，一是書寫一定要工整，二是盡可能不要有錯誤，要知道錯誤一個單詞0.5分就沒了。

在確保以上兩點的基礎上，可以應用虛擬句、從句、分詞做狀語，目前這三種句型是英語作文中得分較高的。

高考英語答題規(guī)范有哪些

1、選擇題需要填涂答案在答題卡上。

考生可把填涂區(qū)依次分四塊填涂：聽力題區(qū)一塊，單選題區(qū)一塊，完型題區(qū)一塊，閱讀題區(qū)一塊。不要四區(qū)一次填完，容易造成移位。

2、書面表達規(guī)范要求

書面表達對字數(shù)的要求是100詞左右，因此，建議考生可以寫到100到130。詞數(shù)為什么不能低于100?因為考生寫的太少，看上去不像一篇文章是很危險的。對閱卷者而言，分數(shù)不會給的高。倘若寫的太多，考生難免費神，自然減少其他試題的答題時間，還可能言多而失。十來個句子，且要保證正確無誤。

書面表達若有標題，而且沒有在答題卡上印出，考生要記得書寫。

書面表達題的“字”法：字色(黑色)，字跡(工整、清楚)，字形(占格子的三分之二為宜)，字體(一致)，字距(不宜過密，不宜過疏，悅目為宜)，字數(shù)(比較合適在100-130之間)。

書面表達題的“版”法：三段或四段體，切忌一段到底。每段開頭縮進。不可超格、超框。“版”的核心就是要讓文章看上去像文章!

書面表達題的“式 ”法：文章無亂涂亂畫現(xiàn)象，整潔爽目。修改的地方應該盡量不留明顯痕跡。寫作一定要有從草稿到謄正的過程。