高三英語語法知識點

　　“非謂語動詞”可分為動詞不定式、動名詞和分詞.它在句子中的作用很多：除了不作謂語外,它可以充當主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語與復合賓語(主語補語或賓語補語).有些及物動詞后面接不帶to的不定式作復合賓語.這些動詞歸納如下：一感(feel).二聽(hear,listen to),三讓(have,1et, make),四看(see,watCh,notice,observe).再加上help somebody(to)do something和美國英語look at somebody do somthing.還有“二讓”屬特殊：get somebody to do something 與keep somebody doing.而有些及物動詞后面接動名詞(the -ing form)作賓語.這些動詞歸納為一句話：Papa C makes friends.這是由如下動詞的開頭字母組成：permit,advise, practise,avoid,consider,mind, allow,keep,enjoy,suggest, finish,risk,imagine,escape,need,delay,stand(忍受). 為了容易記住,也可以編成順口溜：“允許完成練習,建議避免冒險,考慮延期逃跑,喜歡保持想象,需要反對忍受”.其相對應的動詞依次是：permit/allow,finish,practise;

　　advise/suggest, avoid,risk： consider, delay, escape/miss; enjoy/appreciate, keep, imagine; need/want/require,mind. can't help/can’t stand.

　　二、復合句

　　1、學生最容易混淆的是定語從句與同位語從句的區別.

　　例如：A、The news that our team has won the match is true. (同位語從句)

　　B、The news that he told us surprised everybody here. (定語從句)

　　關鍵的區別在于連接或關系代詞that：有意義的是定語, 無意義的是同位.因為引導定語從句的that在從句中作主語或 賓語,而引導同位語從句的that只起到連接詞的作用.

　　2、接著容易混淆的是引導定語從句的關系代詞that與 which：that之前是不定(代詞)、序數(詞)、(形容詞)最高級：which之前是介詞短語與逗號(非限制性).

　　例如：A、All that we have to do is to practise every day.

　　B、The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.

　　C、I have lost my pen,which I like very much.

　　D、The house in front of which there is a garden is my home.

　　三、It的用法

　　1、It除了代替人和物以外,還可以作形式主語.而真正的主語(不定式、動名詞或從句)則放于謂語或表語之后.

　　例如：It is nor easy to finish the work in two days.

　　然而有少數表語之后接動名詞作真正的主語.這些表語是：無助(no help)、無用(no use)、沒好處(no good);工作(hard work)、費時(a waste of time)、又危險(a danger).

　　例如：A、It is no use crying over spilt milk.

　　B、It is a waste of time waiting for him.

　　2、It還可以作形式賓語.通常下列動詞后面可接it作形式賓語：2f2tcjm(find,feel,think,take,consider,judge, make).

　　例如：A、He made it clear that he was not interested in this subject.

　　B、I think it no use arguing with him.

　　3、It用于強調句式.要強調句子的某一部分(主語、賓語、 狀語),可以把it當作先行詞.這種句子的結構是：It is(was)+ 被強調部分+that(who)+句子的其余部分.

　　例如：A、It iS Professor Lin who teaches us English—(強調主語)

　　B、It was in Shanghai that l saw the film.—(強調狀語)

　　C、It was in 1990 that I worked in the factory.(同上)

　　但要注意與定語從句的區別.

　　例如：D、It was 1990 when I worked in the factory.(定語從句)

　　在強調句式里,我們把強調結構It is(was)…that除去,句子還很完整.如例句C.而例句D就不能.

　　四、倒裝結構

　　學生容易混淆的是全部倒裝與部分倒裝.如何區分之,編個順口溜：副(adv.)介(prep.)提前全倒裝,其它句式部分倒;否定提前倒助動,讓步狀語倒表語;復合句式倒主句,不

　　倒裝的屬特殊.下面舉例說明：

　　A、Here comes the bus.(副詞提前,全倒裝)

　　B、Here he comes.(代詞作主語,不倒裝)

　　C、In front of the house lies a garden.(介詞短語提前,全倒裝)

　　D、Never shall I do this again.(否定詞提前,部分倒裝)

　　E、Young as he is ,he knows a lot.(讓步狀語從句,表語倒裝)

　　F、Only when he told me did I realize what trouble he was in.(only 修飾狀語,主句倒裝)

　　G、Only he can save the patient.(only修飾主語.不倒裝)

　　H、Not only will help be given to people,but also medical treatment will be provided.(否定詞提前,部分倒裝)

　　I、Not only he but also we like sports.(連接兩個主語,不倒裝)

　　五、虛擬語氣

　　虛擬語氣也是一個難點.所謂虛擬語氣是表示說話人的愿望、假設、猜測或建議,而不表示客觀存在的事實.它通過句子的謂語動詞的特殊形式來表示.現歸納如下：純假設,用虛擬,動詞時態退一級：條件句,分主從,主句謂語前加would (should,could,might);表愿望,用虛擬,wish后面接賓語(從句)：現在過去與將來,動詞時態退一級：提建議,用虛擬,賓語(從句)動詞用(should)do：倆建議,三要求,再加堅持與命令(suggest,advise,demand,require,request,insist,order)：It is time和eoukd rather,后接叢句用虛擬：部分主語從句中, 謂語用虛擬結構 (It is necessry /important/natural/natural/strange/strange that……should do). 下面舉例說明：

　　A、If you came tomorrow,we would have the metting. (條件句虛擬)

　　B、Without air,there would be no living things.(同上)

　　C、We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier.(表示愿望虛擬)

　　D、He demanded that we (should)start right away.(表示建議虛擬)

　　E、It is(high)time that we left (should leave)now.(特殊從句虛擬)

　　F、I would rather you gave me the book.(同上)

　　G、It is necessary that we should clean the room everyday,(主語從句虛擬)

　　H、He speaks English so fluently as if he were English. (特殊從句虛擬)

　　高考必備英語句型

　　句型1

　　would rather that somebody did…“寧愿……;更愿意……”(表示現在或將來的愿望)

　　would rather that somebody had done…“寧愿……;更愿意……”(表示過去的愿望)

　　[例句

　　I’d rather you posted the letter right now. 我想讓你現在去寄信。

　　I’d rather you were not a celebrated actor. In that case, we could spend more time together.

　　我到情愿你不是個知名演員，這樣我們可以有更多的時間在一起。

　　I’d rather that I hadn’t seen her yesterday. 我情愿昨天沒有看到她。

　　句型2

　　as if/though+主語+did/had done…好像……(表示現在或將來的情況用過去時;表示過去的情況用過去完成時)[參考句型4]

　　[例句

　　Our head teacher treats us as if we were her own children, so all the students in our class think highly of her.

　　Alan talked about Rome as if he had been there. Alan談起羅馬來就好像他去過那里似的。

　　句型3

　　“wish +賓語從句”，表示不大可能實現的愿望

　　表示現在的愿望：主語+過去時;

　　表示過去的愿望：主語+had done;

　　表示將來的愿望：主語+would/could do

　　[例句

　　How I wish we students had more free time to relax ourselves! 我們學生多么希望有更多的自由時間放松自己!

　　I failed in the maths exam. How I wish I hadn’t wasted so much time playing!

　　What a pity you can’t go to the party. How I wish I could dance with you at the party!

　　句型4

　　It’s high/about time that somebody did (should do) (should通常不省略) …早就該……

　　[例句

　　It’s time that you went to school.= It’s time that you should go to school.

　　It’s high time that we did something to improve our environment. 該是我們為環保做些事情了。

　　I think it’s high time that she made up her mind. 我想她該拿定主意了。

　　句型5

　　情態動詞+動詞不定式完成結構的用法

　　could have done “本來可以……”(表示過去沒有實現的可能)。

　　might have done “本來可能……;本來應該或可以做某事”(實際沒有發生;含有輕微的責備語氣。

　　should/ought to have done “本來該做某事”(而實際未做)

　　should not/ought not to have done “本來不該做”(實際卻做過了，含有責備語氣)

　　needn’t have done “本來不必做”(但是已經做過了)

　　would rather have done “當時寧愿做了某事”(實際沒有做過);否定式would rather not have done表達相反意思，兩者都有表示“后悔”之意。

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