四六級閱讀常考題型之一 —— 細節題

　　(1)細節題表現形式

　　這類題特點是題干的信息比較具體，考查文章中的重要細節。

　　例：What is the chief concern of native high-skilled, better-educated employees about the inflow of immigrants? (2011.6., cet6)

　　而原文出處如下：Among high-skilled, better-educated employees, however, opposition was strongest in states with both high numbers of immigrants and relatively generous social services. What worried them most, in other words, was the fiscal (財政的)burden of immigration.

　　可以看到：題干中的high-skilled, better-educated employees的信息非常具體，和原文一致。

　　(2)細節題解題方法

　　A. 建議同學先看題干，后看文章。

　　B. 帶著題干中的具體細節信息，在文中相應段落或句子，仔細研讀。

　　C. 答案一定來自原文并要做一定的理解后，進行歸納或推理。

　　D. 切勿加入過多主觀判斷。

　　(3)真題示例：Throughout this long, tense election, everyone has focused on the presidential candidates and how they’ll change America. Rightly so. But selfishly, I’m more fascinated by Michelle Obama and what she might be able to do, not just for this country, but for me as an African-American woman. As the potential First Lady, she would have the world’s attention. And that means that for the first time people will have a chance to get up close and personal with the type of African-American woman they so rarely see.

　　57. Why does Michelle Obama hold a strong fascination for the author?

　　A. She serves as a role model for African women.

　　B. She possesses many admirable qualities becoming a First Lady.

　　C. She will present to the world a new image of African-American women.

　　D. She will pay closer attention to the interests of African-American women.

　　【答案】C

　　【解析】細節歸納。由第2句可知，作者尤其對Michelle Obama能為身為非裔美國婦女的自己做什么而感興趣(but for me as an African-American woman)，而接下來的兩句解釋了作者之所以這么感興趣的原因：Michelle Obama將會讓人們第一次有機會靠近和接觸他們極少見到的非裔美國女性，也就是她將向世界展現出非裔美國婦女的一種新形象，故答案為C。

　　【誤區排除】

　　A. 她成為非裔美國婦女的偶像 —— 文中說的是她將代表她們向世界展現新形象，而不是成為她們的榜樣;所以這里千萬不要加入主觀意識。

　　B. 她身上有許多成為第一夫人的優秀品質 —— 文中未提及

　　C. 她將向世界展現出非裔美國婦女的一種新形象。

　　D. 她會密切關注非裔美國婦女的利益 —— 文中未提及

　　四六級閱讀常考題型之二 —— 推斷題

　　(1)推斷題表現形式及應對方法

　　第一種：題干信息明示型。

　　一般這類推斷題題干中會包含：suggest，imply，indicate，conclude，infer，learn from等。

　　出題形式：

　　We can infer / assume that…

　　It can be concluded from the passage that…

　　The author of the passage would most likely imply…

　　The passage suggests that…

　　It can be learned that…

　　應對方法：先看題干和選項，再回相應的原文，先理解后推理。

　　第二種：題干信息不明示型

　　應對方法：

　　1. 一定要再原文中找到依據，根據主題推理。

　　2. 注意與整篇文章的思想、風格等保持一致。

　　3. 選項設置往往是同義轉化。

　　(3)真題示例：(題干明示型)At the heart of the debate over illegal immigration lies one key question: are immigrants good or bad for the economy? The American public overwhelmingly thinks they're bad. Yet the consensus among most economists is that immigration, both legal and illegal, provides a small net boost to the economy. Immigrants provide cheap labor, lower the prices of everything from farm produce to new homes, and leave consumers with a little more money in their pockets. So why is there such a discrepancy between the perception of immigrants' impact on the economy and the reality? (2011.6, cet6)

　　52. What can we learn from the first paragraph?

　　A. Whether immigrants are good or bad for the economy has been puzzling economists.

　　B. The American economy used to thrive on immigration but now it's a different story.

　　C. The consensus among economists is that immigration should not be encouraged.

　　D. The general public thinks differently from most economists on the impact of immigration.

　　【答案】D

　　【解析】這里指出，美國大眾絕大多數認為移民對經濟的影響是不好的。然而，大多數經濟學家卻一致認為，不管是合法還是非法移民，都為經濟帶來了小幅的凈增長。由此可見，對于移民經濟的影響問題，大眾多多數經濟學家存在分歧，故答案為D。

　　例2：(題干不明示型)Some analysts(分析師) are less sure. Among consumers, only 18%are even aware that ecofashion exists, up from 6% four years ago. Natalie Hormilla, a fashion writer, is an example of the unconverted consumer. When asked if she owned any sustainable clothes, she replied : “Not that I’m aware of .” Like most consumers, she finds little time to shop, and when she does, she’s on the hunt for “cute stuff that isn’t too expensive.” By her own admission, green just isn’t yet on her mind. But –thanks to the combined efforts of designers, retailers and suppliers –one day it will be. (2009.6, cet4)

　　61. What does the author think of green fashion?

　　A. Green products will soon go mainstream.

　　B. It has a very promising future.

　　C. Consumers have the final say.

　　D. It will appeal more to young people.

　　【答案】B

　　【解析】文章中提到，Natalie Hormilla這樣的消費者腦中現在還沒有環保時尚的概念，接著最后一句通過but 轉折指出，但是有了設計師、零售商和供應商的共同努力，有一天，環保時尚會進入消費者的頭腦中(will be 后面省略了on her mind)，由此可推知，作者認為綠色環保服裝前途光明，故答案為B，其中的future對應one day.

　　四六級閱讀常考題型之三——主旨題

　　(1)主旨題提問方式

　　The author’s concern about sth is__________.

　　According to the passage, sth is

　　According to the author, sth is __________.

　　溫馨提醒：主旨題雖然所占比例比較小。但是由于往往需要讀完全篇才能做出答案，相對其他題型反而不易得出答案。所以，要想閱讀滿分或高分，對主旨題的把握，不可小覷哦~

　　(2)主旨題解題方法

　　大部分文章都有主題句(topic sentence)，主題句表達了文章的中心思想(main idea)，找到了主題句，也就抓住了文章的主旨大意。因此，“主題句定位法”是解答主旨大意題的一種行之有效的方法。主題句呈現形式通常有以下幾種：

　　A. 在開頭出現;

　　B. 在結尾出現;

　　C. 在開頭和結尾同時出現，首尾呼應;

　　有些文章的中心思想貫穿全文，并沒有用一句話明確表達出來，這就要求學生學會歸納概括。

　　(3)真題示例：We have learned much about the foolish idea of excluding people on the presumption of the ethnic/racial inferiority. But what we have not yet learned is how to make the process of Americanization work for all. I am not talking about requiring people to learn English or to adopt American ways; those things happen pretty much on their own. But as arguments about immigration hear up the campaign trail, we also ought to ask some broader question about assimilation, about how to ensure that people , once outsiders , don’t forever remain marginalized within these shores.(cet6, 2008.12)

　　According to the author, the burning issue concerning immigration is_______.

　　A. how to deal with people entering the U.S. without documents

　　B. how to help immigrants to better fit into American society

　　C. how to stop illegal immigrants from crossing the border

　　D. how to limit the number of immigrants to enter the U.S.

　　【答案】B

　　【解析】主旨歸納題。原文提到：對于按照假想的種族優劣來排斥某些民眾的愚蠢想法，我們早就已經非常熟悉。但是，我們并不了解如何才能使“美國化”這一進程對所有人都行之有效。由此推知，B正式作者最關心的問題。

　　【注意】主旨題一般都不會只根據某一句話就能做出題目。而是要根據幾句話或者好幾個點的文章知識匯總歸納后得出結論。所以，一旦察覺這道題是主旨題，不妨不要急著去做，先跳過，等讀完全篇文章或做完所有題目再做主旨題。