英語(yǔ)四級(jí)長(zhǎng)篇閱讀真題練習(xí)一

　　Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

　　A Grassroots Remedy

　　A) Most of us spend our lives seeking the natural world. To this end, we walk the dog, play golf, go fishing, sit in the garden, drink outside rather than inside the pub, have a picnic, live in the suburbs, go to the seaside, buy a weekend place in the country. The most popular leisure activity in Britain is going for a walk. And when joggers (慢跑者) jog, they don't run the streets. Every one of the minstinctively heads to the park or the river. It is my profound belief that not only do we all need nature, but we all seek nature, whether we know we are doing so or not.

　　B) But despite this, our children are growing up nature-deprived ( 喪失) , I spent my boyhood climbing trees on Stratham Common, south London. These days, children are robbed of these an cientfreedoms, due to problems like crime, traffic, the loss of the open spaces and odd new perceptions about what is best for children, that is to say, things that can be bought, rather than things that can be found.

　　C) The truth is to be found elsewhere. A study in the U.S. families had moved to better housing and　the children were assessed for ADHD -- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ( 多動(dòng)癥) .Those　whose accommodation had more natural views showed an improvement of 19%; those who had the　same improvement in material surroundings but no nice view improved just 4%.

　　D) A study in Sweden indicated that kindergarten children who could play in a natural environment had　less illness and greater physical ability than children used only to a normal playground. A U.S. study　suggested that when a school gave children access to a natural environment, academic levels were　raised across the entire school.

　　E) Another study found that children play differently in a natural environment. In playgrounds, children create a hierarchy (等級(jí)) based on physical abilities, with the tough ones taking the lead. But when a grassy area was planted with bushes, the children got much more into fantasy play, and the social hierarchy was now based on imagination and creativity.

　　F) Most bullying (持槍凌弱) is found in schools where there is a tarmac (柏油碎石) play ground; the least bullying is in a natural area that the children are encouraged to explore. This reminds mean pleasantly of Sunny hill School in Stratham, with its harsh tarmac, where I used to hang about incomers fantasizing about wildlife. The children are frequently discouraged from involvement with natural spaces, for health and safety reasons, for fear that they might get dirty or that they might cause damage. So, instead, the damage is done to the children themselves: not to their bodies but to their souls.

　　G) One of the great problems of modem childhood is ADHD, now increasingly and expensively treated with drugs. Yet one study after another indicates that contact with nature gives huge benefits to ADHD children. However, we spend money on drugs rather than on green places.

　　H) The life of old people is measurably better when they have access to nature. The increasing emphasis for the growing population of old people is in quality rather than quantity of years. And study after study finds that a garden is the single most important thing in finding that quality.

　　I) In wider and more difficult areas of life, there is evidence to indicate that natural surroundingsim prove all kinds of things. Even problems with crime and aggressive behavior are reduced when there is contact with the natural world. Dr. William Bird, researcher from the Royal Society for the Protection of birds, states in his study, "A natural environment can reduce violent behavior because its restorative process helps reduce anger and impulsive behavior." Wild places need encouraging for this reason, no matter how small their contribution.

　　J) We tend to look on nature conservation as some kind of favor that human beings are granting to the natural world. The error here is far too deep: not only do humans need nature for themselves, but the very idea that humanity and the natural world are separable things is profoundly damaging. Human beings are a species of mammals (哺乳動(dòng)物) . For seven million years they lived on the planet as part of nature. Our ancestral selves miss the natural world and long for contact with nonhuman life. Anyone who has patted a dog, stoked a cat, sat under a tree with a pint of beer, given or received a bunch of flowers or chosen to walk through the park on a nice day, understands that. We need the wild world. It is essential to our well-being, our health, our happiness. Without the wild world we are not more but less civilized. Without other living things around us we are less than human.

　　K) Five Ways to Find Harmony with the Natural World Walk: Break the rhythm of permanently being under a roof. Get off a stop earlier, make a circuit of the park at lunchtime, walk the child to and from school, get a dog, feel yourself moving in moving air, look, listen, absorb.

　　Sit: Take a moment, every now and then, to be still in an open space. In the garden, anywhere that's not in the office, anywhere out of the house, away from the routine. Sit under a tree, look at water, feel refreshed, ever so slightly renewed.

　　Drink: The best way to enjoy the natural world is by oneself; the second best way is in company. Take a drink outside with a good person, a good gathering: talk with the sun and the wind with bird-song for background.

　　Learn: Expand your boundaries. Leam five species of bird, five butterflies, five trees, five bird songs. That way, you see and hear more: and your mind responds gratefully to the greater amount of wildness in your life.

　　Travel: The places you always wanted to visit: by the seaside, in the country, in the hills. Take a week-end break, a day-trip, get out these and do it: for the scenery, for the way through the woods, for the birds, for the bees. Go somewhere special and bring specialness home. It lasts forever, after all.

　　46. The study in Sweden shows that more access to nature makes children less likely to fall ill.

　　47. The author's profound belief is that people instinctively seek nature in different ways.

　　48. It can be very helpful to provide more green spaces for children with ADHD.

　　49. Elderly people will enjoy a life of better quality when they contact more with nature.

　　50. Nowadays, people think things that can be bought are best for children, rather than things that can be found.

　　51. Dr. William Bird suggests in his study that access to nature contributes to the reduction of violence.52. According to a study in the U. S. Children with ADHD whose accommodation had more natural　views showed much better improvement.

　　53. Children who have chances to explore natural areas are less likely to be involved in bullying.

　　54. We can find harmony with the natural world in various ways, among which there are walking,　sitting, drinking, learning and traveling.

　　55. It is extremely harmful to think that humanity and the natural world can be separated.

　　英語(yǔ)四級(jí)長(zhǎng)篇閱讀真題練習(xí)答案解析

　　大自然療法

　　A)【47】我們中的大多數(shù)人都套花時(shí)間尋求與大自然親近。為此，我們會(huì)遛狗，打高爾夫，釣魚(yú)，去花園靜坐，在外面喝酒而不是去酒館，去野餐，在郊區(qū)居住，逛海邊以及花錢(qián)去鄉(xiāng)村度周末。英國(guó)最受歡迎的休閑活動(dòng)是散步。慢跑者不會(huì)在大街上跑步，都會(huì)本能地向公園或小河邊跑。我深信，我們不僅需要大自然，而且我們也都在尋覓著大自然，不管我們有沒(méi)有認(rèn)識(shí)到這一點(diǎn)。

　　B)盡管如此，我們的孩子們似乎正在喪失自然的天性。我的童年是在倫敦南部的Streatham Common度過(guò)的，那時(shí)候我很喜歡爬樹(shù)。現(xiàn)如今，孩子們的那些自由已經(jīng)被剝奪了，因?yàn)榉缸铩⒔煌▎?wèn)題層出不窮，露天場(chǎng)所大量流失，【50】還有一些關(guān)于什么是對(duì)孩子們最好的奇怪新觀念，覺(jué)得是能買(mǎi)到的東西，而不是可以發(fā)現(xiàn)的東西。

　　C)這一現(xiàn)象在其他地方也得到了證實(shí)。美國(guó)人做了一項(xiàng)調(diào)查：關(guān)于家庭住房條件的改善對(duì)患多動(dòng)癥的孩子的影響。【52】調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，住在自然風(fēng)光視野更開(kāi)闊的房子里的患兒改善了19%，而那些住在物質(zhì)條件得到同等改善，但沒(méi)有魅力的自然風(fēng)景的房于里的患兒僅改善了4%。

　　D)【46】瑞典的一項(xiàng)研究顯示， 在自然環(huán)境中玩要的幼兒園小朋友比在只習(xí)慣在正規(guī)運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)玩耍的小朋友少患病，身依也更健康。美國(guó)的一項(xiàng)研究也表明，如果學(xué)校讓孩子們接觸自然環(huán)境，整個(gè)學(xué)校的學(xué)術(shù)水平也會(huì)上一個(gè)新臺(tái)階。

　　E)另一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，孩子們?cè)谧匀画h(huán)境中玩耍，其表現(xiàn)也不盡相同。在運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)上，孩子們會(huì)因體能的差異而形成一種等級(jí)秩序，身體結(jié)實(shí)的占主導(dǎo)地位。但是，如果在一片種了幾叢灌木的綠草坪上，孩子們的玩耍更多的則和想象力有關(guān)，他們的等級(jí)秩序建立在想象力和創(chuàng)造力上。

　　F)【53】大多數(shù)恃強(qiáng)凌弱的現(xiàn)象發(fā)生在有柏油碎石運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)的學(xué)校，在鼓勵(lì)孩子探索的自然環(huán)境中則很少發(fā)生。這讓我想起了在Streatham的 Sunnyhill學(xué)校里的不愉快的經(jīng)歷，學(xué)校里有粗糙的柏油碎石路，我常常躲在角落里幻想著外邊的野生動(dòng)植物。但是，因?yàn)榻】岛桶踩脑颍瑩?dān)心孩子們會(huì)把自己弄臟或讓自己受傷，他們往往被阻止去接觸自然環(huán)境。結(jié)果，這樣做反而對(duì)他們?cè)斐闪藗Γ翰皇巧眢w上受傷，而是心靈上受傷。

　　G)現(xiàn)代兒童所面臨的最重大的問(wèn)題之一是多動(dòng)癥。越來(lái)越多的孩子已開(kāi)始接受貴重的藥物治療。【48】但是。眾多研究表明，與自然接觸對(duì)患有多動(dòng)癥的孩子最有益。 雖然如此，我們還是把錢(qián)花在了藥物上，而非綠色的生活空間上.

　　H)【49】如果老年人有接觸大自然的機(jī)會(huì)， 他們的生活狀況會(huì)明顯改善不少。隨著老年人的增多，我們應(yīng)該更多地關(guān)注他們的生活質(zhì)量，雨不是生命年限。眾多研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，花園是提高老年人生活質(zhì)量唯一最重要的因素。

　　I) 有證據(jù)顯示，在更加廣闊、更困難的地區(qū)生活時(shí)，自然環(huán)境能改善一切事物。甚至在與自然界接觸時(shí)，和犯罪和攻擊行為有關(guān)的問(wèn)題也減少了。英國(guó)皇家鳥(niǎo)類保護(hù)協(xié)會(huì)的研究員William Bird博士在他的研究中有這樣的陳述：【51】“自然環(huán)境能減少暴力行為，因?yàn)槠浠謴?fù)過(guò)程有助于減少憤怒和沖動(dòng)。”為此，不管有多大作用，我們都應(yīng)該多鼓勵(lì)人們?nèi)ヒ巴庾咦摺?/p>

　　J) 我們傾向于把自然環(huán)境保護(hù)看作是人類賞給大自然的一種恩賜。l551但是，從深層次來(lái)理解，這種觀念是不正確的：不僅人類本身就很需要大自然， 而且這種把人類與自然界割裂矛來(lái)的觀念是毀滅性的。人類是一種哺乳動(dòng)物。700萬(wàn)年來(lái)，作為大自然的一部分，他們生活在這個(gè)星球上。人類天生眷戀著大自然，也渴望與身邊的其他種類的生命接觸。喜歡逗狗，撫摸小貓，坐樹(shù)下喝一品脫啤酒，送人花束或接受花束，以及在天氣好的時(shí)候去公園散步的朋友應(yīng)該很清楚這一點(diǎn)。我們需要大自然，因?yàn)樗鼘?duì)我們的快樂(lè)、健康和幸福至關(guān)重要。沒(méi)有大自然，我們的文明只能倒退而無(wú)法前進(jìn)。沒(méi)有其他生物圍繞在我們周圍，我們也不能被稱為人類。

　　K)【54】五種與大自然和諧相處的方法

　　散步：打破長(zhǎng)久呆在屋檐下的節(jié)奏。提前一站下車，吃午餐時(shí)繞公園走一圈，讓孩子徒步上下學(xué)，養(yǎng)狗，在流動(dòng)的空氣中放松自己，觀察，傾聽(tīng)和吸收。

　　靜坐：經(jīng)常花些時(shí)間去露天場(chǎng)所坐一會(huì)兒。可以是花園，可以是辦公室之外的其他地方，可以是住所外面的其他地方，總之，是遠(yuǎn)離自己日常工作生活的地方。坐在樹(shù)下，看看水面，感覺(jué)神清氣爽，如此也略微恢復(fù)了精神。

　　喝酒：享受大自然最好的方式是一個(gè)人欣賞，其次是找個(gè)人陪同。和好朋友在外面喝一杯，好好聚一次：談天論地，以陽(yáng)光和風(fēng)中的鳥(niǎo)聲做伴。

　　學(xué)習(xí)：擴(kuò)大你的知識(shí)面。了解五種鳥(niǎo)類，五種蝴蝶，五種樹(shù)木和五類鳥(niǎo)聲。通過(guò)這種方式，你看多、聽(tīng)多了之后，心靈也會(huì)漸漸對(duì)生活中更多的自然現(xiàn)象作出反應(yīng)。

　　旅行：去你一直想去的地方：海邊，鄉(xiāng)下或小山坡。周末可以抽一天去那里，為觀風(fēng)景，為走那條林間小道，為聽(tīng)鳥(niǎo)兒的歡聲笑語(yǔ)，為看成群的蜜蜂。去一個(gè)特殊的地方，帶特別的東西回來(lái)。畢竟，它會(huì)持續(xù)很久。

　　46.The study in Sweden shows that more access to nature makes children less likely to fall ill.瑞典的研究說(shuō)明更多接觸大自然讓孩子更可能少生病。

　　【解析】 D)。細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)句中關(guān)鍵詞a study in Sweden定位至D)段首句。瑞典的一項(xiàng)研究顯示，在自然環(huán)境中玩耍的幼兒園小朋友比在只習(xí)慣在正規(guī)運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)玩耍的小朋友少患病，身體也更健康。

　　47.The author’S profound belief is that people instinctively seek nature in different ways.作者深信人們本能地會(huì)通過(guò)各種方式尋找大自然。

　　【解析】A)。細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)句中的“the author’s profound belief"可定位至文章A)段末句。作者深信人類不僅需要大自然，而且都在尋覓著大自然。

　　48.It can be very helpful to provide more green spaces for children with ADHD.給多動(dòng)癥兒童提供更多綠色的生活空間會(huì)對(duì)他們大有幫助。

　　【解析】 G)。細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)句中關(guān)鍵詞children with ADHD和green spaces可定位至G)段倒數(shù)兩句。但是，眾多研究表明，與自然接觸對(duì)患有多動(dòng)癥的孩子最有益。雖然如此，我們還是把錢(qián)花在了藥物上，而非綠色的生活空間上。

　　49.Elderly people will enjoy a life of beber quality when they contact more with nature.老年人多接觸自然可享受優(yōu)質(zhì)生活。

　　【解析】 H)。歸納題。根據(jù)句中關(guān)鍵詞elderly people可定位至H)段。“如果老年人有接觸大自然的機(jī)會(huì)，他們的生活狀況會(huì)明顯改善不少。隨著老年人的增多，我們應(yīng)該更多地關(guān)注他們的生活質(zhì)量，而不是生命年限。眾多研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，花園是提高老年人生活質(zhì)量唯一最重要的因素。”句中是對(duì)此段的簡(jiǎn)要?dú)w納。

　　50.Nowadays，people think things that can be bought are best for children，rather than things that Can be found.如今，人們覺(jué)得可以買(mǎi)到的東西對(duì)孩子最好，而不是可以發(fā)現(xiàn)的東西。

　　【解析】B)。細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)句中關(guān)鍵詞things that Can be bough found和best for children可定位至B)段末句。還有一些關(guān)于什么是對(duì)孩子們最好的奇怪新觀念，覺(jué)得是能買(mǎi)到的東西，而不是可以發(fā)現(xiàn)的東西。

　　51.Dr.William Bird suggests in his study that access to nature contributes to the reduction of violence.William Bird博士在研究中提到接近大自然有助于減少暴力行為。

　　【解析】 I)。細(xì)節(jié)題。由句中的Dr.William Bird定位至I)段倒數(shù)第二句。他在研究中提出這樣的觀點(diǎn)：自然環(huán)境能減少暴力行為，因?yàn)槠浠謴?fù)過(guò)程有助于減少憤怒和沖動(dòng)。

　　52.According to a study in the U.S.Children with ADHD whose accommodation had more natural views showedmuch beRer improvement.

　　美國(guó)一項(xiàng)研究顯示：住在自然風(fēng)光視野更開(kāi)闊的房子里的多動(dòng)癥兒童進(jìn)步幅度更大。

　　【解析】 C)。推理題。根據(jù)句中關(guān)鍵詞a study in the U.S.定位至C)段。該段指出調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，住在自然風(fēng)光視野更開(kāi)闊的房子里的患兒改善了19%，而那些住在物質(zhì)條件得到同等改善，但沒(méi)有美麗的自然風(fēng)景的房子里的患兒僅改善了4%。由此可以推演出：住在自然風(fēng)光視野更開(kāi)闊的房子里的多動(dòng)癥兒童進(jìn)步幅度更大。

　　53.Children who have chances to explore natural areas are less likely to be involved in bullying.

　　有機(jī)會(huì)探索自然界的孩子不太可能恃強(qiáng)凌弱。

　　【解析】 F)。細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)句中關(guān)鍵詞explore natural areas定位至F)段首句。大多數(shù)恃強(qiáng)凌弱的現(xiàn)象發(fā)生在有柏油碎石運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)的學(xué)校，在鼓勵(lì)孩子探索的自然環(huán)境中則很少發(fā)生。

　　54.We can find harmony with the natural world in various ways，among which there are walking，sitting，drinking，learning andtravelin9.與自然和諧相處方式多多，比如：散步、靜坐、暢飲、學(xué)習(xí)和旅行。

　　【解析】 K)。歸納題。根據(jù)句中關(guān)鍵詞find harmony with the natural world可定位至K)段末段。該段列舉與自然和諧相處的方式，而句中是對(duì)整段的概括。

　　55.It is extremely harmful to think that humanity and the natural world can be separated.

　　人類和自然世界可以分離，這種想法是非常有害的。

　　【解析】 J)。細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)句中關(guān)鍵詞humanity and the natural和separated定位至J)段第二句。原句為“but the very idea that humanity and the natural world are separable things is profoundly damagin9”(而這種把人類與自然界割裂開(kāi)來(lái)的觀念是毀滅性的。)

　　英語(yǔ)四級(jí)長(zhǎng)篇閱讀真題練習(xí)二

Once it was possible to define male and female roles easily by the division of labor. Men worked outside the home and earned the income to support their families， while women cooked the meals and took care of the home and the children. These roles were firmly fixed for most people， and there was not much opportunity for women to exchange their roles. But by the middle of this century， men‘s and women’s roles were becoming less firmly fixed.

　　In the 1950s， economic and social success was the goal of the typical American. But in the 1960s a new force developed called the counterculture. The people involved in this movement did not value the middle-class American goals. The counterculture presented men and women with new role choices. Taking more interest in childcare， men began to share child-raising tasks with their wives. In fact， some young men and women moved to communal homes or farms where the economic and childcare responsibilities were shared equally by both sexes. In addition， many Americans did not value the traditional male role of soldier. Some young men refused to be drafted as soldiers to fight in the war in Vietnam.

　　In terms of numbers， the counterculture was not a very large group of people. But its influence spread to many parts of American society. Working men of all classes began to change their economic and social patterns. Industrial workers and business executives alike cut down on “overtime” work so that they could spend more leisure time with their families. Some doctors， lawyers， and teachers turned away from high paying situations to practice their professions in poorer neighborhoods.

　　In the 1970s， the feminist movement， or women‘s liberation， produced additional economic and social changes. Women of all ages and at all levels of society were entering the work force in greater numbers. Most of them still took traditional women’s jobs as public school teaching， nursing， and secretarial work. But some women began to enter traditionally male occupations： police work， banking， dentistry， and construction work. Women were asking for equal work， and equal opportunities for promotion.

　　Today the experts generally agree that important changes are taking place in the roles of men and women. Naturally， there are difficulties in adjusting to these transformations.

　　1.Which of the following best express the main idea of Paragraph 1?

　　A.Women usually worked outside the home for wages.

　　B.Men and women‘s roles were easily exchanged in the past.

　　C.Men’s roles at home were more firmly fixed than women‘s.

　　D.Men and women’s roles were usually quite separated in the past.

　　2.Which sentence best expresses the main idea of Paragraph 2?

　　A.The first sentence.

　　B.The second and the third sentences.

　　C.The fourth sentence.

　　D.The last sentence.

　　3.In the passage the author proposes that the counterculture___.

　　A.destroyed the United States.

　　B.transformed some American values.

　　C.was not important in the United States.

　　D.brought people more leisure time with their families.

　　4.It could be inferred from the passage that___.

　　A.men and women will never share the same goals.

　　B.some men will be willing to exchange their traditional male roles.

　　C.most men will be happy to share some of the household responsibilities with their wives.

　　D.more American households are headed by women than ever before.

　　5.The best title for the passage may be ___.

　　A.Results of Feminist Movements

　　B.New influence in American Life

　　C.Counterculture and Its consequence

　　D.Traditional Division of Male and Female Roles.

　　英語(yǔ)四級(jí)長(zhǎng)篇閱讀真題練習(xí)答案解析

　　DCBCB