Those who are going to play in the match are to meet at the gate at 1:30 after lunch. 那些參加比賽的人午飯后1：30在大門口集合。

　　在本句中，先行詞是those;關(guān)系代詞who引導(dǎo)定語從句，同時(shí)代替先行詞在從句中擔(dān)任動(dòng)詞are going to play 的主語。

　　The man who/that is talking with Mr. Wang is a famous doctor. 正在和王先生說話的那個(gè)人是一個(gè)有名的醫(yī)生。

　　在本句中，先行詞是the man;關(guān)系代詞who/that引導(dǎo)定語從句，同時(shí)代替先行詞在從句中擔(dān)任動(dòng)詞is talking的主語。

　　這個(gè)復(fù)合句可以還原成兩個(gè)句子：The man is a famous doctor. He is talking with Mr. Wang.

　　(2)作賓語包括作介詞賓語(whom, that )。此種情況下的關(guān)系代詞可以省略;

　　This is just the man(whom/that) I want for the job.這正是我要的做這份工作的人。

　　在本句中，先行詞是the man;關(guān)系代詞whom/that 引導(dǎo)定語從句，同時(shí)代替先行詞在從句中擔(dān)任動(dòng)詞want 的賓語。

　　(3)當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞緊跟介詞作介詞賓語時(shí)，不能用that，也不能省略，

　　如：The book from which I got a lot of useful information was written by a famous scientist.

　　我從中得到許多有用信息的那本書是一位著名科學(xué)家寫的。

　　但是當(dāng)介詞放在從句末尾時(shí)，作為介詞賓語的關(guān)系代詞可以用that 并且可以省略。

　　如上頭兩句可改為：

　　The book (that /which) I got a lot of information from was written by a famous scientist.

　　2.指物的關(guān)系代詞which和that的用法：

　　(1)作主語

　　This is the instruction manual which/that tells you how to operate the computer. 這是那本教你如何操作計(jì)算機(jī)的說明手冊(cè)。

　　(2)作賓語包括作介詞賓館。此種情況下的關(guān)系代詞可以省略：

　　The chair (which /that) you broke yesterday is now being repaired. 你昨天弄壞的那把椅子現(xiàn)在正在修理。

　　The accounts of the company, (which/that) I’ve been paying great attention to, are in balance.

　　我一直非常注意的公司賬目，是保持平衡的。

　　3.whose 和of which 指代人或事物，作定語。of which 可用whose 代替; The car whose lights (of which the lights/the lights of which) were all broken was my father’s.

　　那輛所有的燈都破了的汽車是我父親的。

　　That is the book whose cover (of which the cover/the cover of which ) was broken. 這就是那本封皮破了的書。

　　4.關(guān)系代詞的格應(yīng)與它在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞忠恢隆Ｌ貏e要注意插入語，

　　如：Peter is the one who everybody believes will fail to bring off the contract. Peter 是那個(gè)人人都認(rèn)為不能完成合同的人。(everybody believes 是插入語) At the election I voted for the man whom I believed to be the most suitable. 在選舉的時(shí)候我投了我認(rèn)為最合適的那個(gè)人的票。

　　5.關(guān)系代詞作從句的主語時(shí)，從句的動(dòng)詞必須和先行詞的人稱和數(shù)一致： 例：These are the operating instructions that/which are written in English 。 這就是用英文寫成的使用說明。

　　6.非限定性定語從句不用that，只用who(whose, whom)和which代表人和物; 例：Her brothers, both of whom work in America, ring her up every week。 她的兄弟們兩個(gè)人都在美國工作每個(gè)星期都給她打電話。

　　7.關(guān)系副詞(=介詞+關(guān)系代詞)： 關(guān)系副詞 先行詞 在從句中的作用 說明 when(=at / on / in /during which),非正式文體中，有時(shí)用that代替關(guān)系副詞

　　where(=in / at which) 地點(diǎn)名詞 地點(diǎn)狀語

　　why=(for which) 只有reason 原因狀語

　　例：I shall never forget the day when (=on which) we first met. 我永遠(yuǎn)也不會(huì)忘記我們第一次見面的那一天。