四級英語閱讀理解試題(一)

　　Jeff Hancock of Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, asked 30 students to keep a communications diary for a week. In it they noted the number of conversations or email exchanges they had lasting more than 10 minutes, and confessed to how many lies they told. Hancock then worked out the number of lies per conversation for each medium. He found that lies made up 14 per cent of emails, 21 per cent of instant messages, 27 per cent of face-to-face interactions and an astonishing 37 per cent of phone calls.

　　His results to be presented at the conference on human-computer interaction in Vienna, Austria, in April, have surprised psychologists. Some expected emailers to be the biggest liars, reasoning that because deception makes people uncomfortable, the detachment (非直接接觸) of emailing would make it easier to lie. Others expected people to lie more in face-to-face exchanges because we are most practised at that form of communication.

　　But Hancock says it is also crucial whether a conversation is being recorded and could be reread, and whether it occurs in real time. People appear to be afraid to lie when they know the communication could later be used to hold them to account, he says. This is why fewer lies appear in email than on the phone.

　　People are also more likely to lie in real time—in a instant message or phone call, say—than if they have time to think of a response, says Hancock. He found many lies are spontaneous (脫口而出的) responses to an unexpected demand, such as: “Do you like my dress?”

　　Hancock hopes his research will help companies work our the best ways for their employees to communicate. For instance, the phone might be the best medium foe sales where employees are encouraged to stretch the truth. But, given his result, work assessment where honesty is a priority, might be best done using email.

　　57. Hancock’s study focuses on ________.

　　A) the consequences of lying in various communications media

　　B) the success of communications technologies in conveying ideas

　　C) people are less likely to lie in instant messages

　　D) people’s honesty levels across a range of communications media

　　58. Hancock’s research finding surprised those who believed that ________.

　　A) people are less likely to lie in instant messages

　　B) people are unlikely to lie in face-to-face interactions

　　C) people are most likely to lie in email communication

　　D) people are twice as likely to lie in phone conversations

　　59. According to the passage, why are people more likely to tell the truth through certain media of communication?

　　A) They are afraid of leaving behind traces of their lies.

　　B) They believe that honesty is the best policy.

　　C) They tend to be relaxed when using those media.

　　D) They are most practised at those forms of communication.

　　60. According to Hancock the telephone is a preferable medium for promoting sales because ________.

　　A) salesmen can talk directly to their customers

　　B) salesmen may feel less restrained to exaggerate

　　C) salesmen can impress customers as being trustworthy

　　D) salesmen may pass on instant messages effectively

　　61. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.

　　A) honesty should be encouraged in interpersonal communications

　　B) more employers will use emails to communicate with their employees

　　C) suitable media should be chosen for different communication purposes

　　D) email is now the dominant medium of communication within a company

　　四級英語閱讀理解試題答案

　　57. D 58. A 59. A 60.B 61. C

　　四級英語閱讀理解試題(二)

　　In a country that defines itself by ideals, not by shared blood, who should be allowed to come work and live here? In the wake of the Sept. 11 attacks these questions have never seemed more pressing.

　　On Dec. 11, 2001, as part of the effort to increase homeland security, federal and local authorities in 14 states staged “Operation Safe Travel”—raids on airports to arrest employees with false identification (身份證明). In Salt Lake City there were 69 arrests. But those captured were anything but terrorists, most of them illegal immigrants from Central or South America. Authorities said the undocumented workers’ illegal status made them open to blackmail (訛詐) by terrorists.

　　Many immigrants in Salt Lake City were angered by the arrests and said they felt as if they were being treated like disposable goods.

　　Mayor Anderson said those feelings were justified to a certain extent. “We’re saying we want you to work in these places, we’re going to look the other way in terms of what our laws are, and then when it’s convenient for us, or when we can try to make a point in terms of national security, especially after Sept. 11, then you’re disposable. There are whole families being uprooted for all of the wrong reasons,” Anderson said.

　　If Sept. 11 had never happened, the airport workers would not have been arrested and could have gone on quietly living in America, probably indefinitely. Ana Castro, a manager at a Ben & Jerry’s ice cream shop at the airport had been working 10 years with the same false Social Security card when she was arrested in the December airport raid. Now she and her family are living under the threat of deportation (驅逐出境). Castro’s case is currently waiting to be settled. While she awaits the outcome, the government has granted her permission to work here and she has returned to her job at Ben & Jerry’s.

　　62. According to the author, the United States claims to be a nation ________.

　　A) composed of people having different values

　　B) encouraging individual pursuits

　　C) sharing common interests

　　D) founded on shared ideals

　　63. How did the immigrants in Salt Lake City feel about “Operation Safe Travel”?

　　A) Guilty.

　　B) Offended.

　　C) Disappointed.

　　D) Discouraged.

　　64. Undocumented workers became the target of “Operation Safe Travel” because ________.

　　A) evidence was found that they were potential terrorists

　　B) most of them worked at airports under threat of terrorists

　　C) terrorists might take advantage of their illegal status

　　D) they were reportedly helping hide terrorists around the airport

　　65. By saying “...we’re going to look the other way in terms of what our laws are” (Line 2, Para. 4), Mayor Anderson means “________”.

　　A) we will turn a blind eye to your illegal status

　　B) we will examine the laws in a different way

　　C) there are other ways of enforcing the law

　　D) the existing laws must not be ignored

　　66. What do we learn about Ana Castro from the last paragraph?

　　A) She will be deported sooner or later.

　　B) She is allowed to stay permanently.

　　C) Her case has been dropped.

　　D) Her fate remains uncertain.

　　四級英語閱讀理解試題答案

　　62. D 63. B 64. C 65.C 66. D

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