2017年英語四級閱讀練習：心理健康

　　Miraculously, she survived. But three years later, Rutnam still feels the effects of that day. She has notbeen able to finish college and is suing her former school for malpractice. Her suit asserts that, given the campus counselor's advice, school officials should have done more to prevent her suicide attempt.

　　This incident and others have thrown a spotlight on an issue that is causing growing concern in dorm roomsand students center. Are colleges providing adequate care for students who may be struggling with a range of mental illnesses? In the Syracuse cases, a spokesman for the school contends, "The University tried repeatedly to help Anita, and we felt that they acted appropriately." But lawyers are busy there and elsewhere.

　　After accidents, suicide is the second biggest killer of kids in college. And while the number of studentswho kill themselves on campus is no higher than that of 18-to-24-year-olds in the general population, a series of sensational incidents has raised the question of whether troubled students are getting proper attention.

　　So what are the schools' responsibilities to at-risk students, particularly those who may be genetically predisposed (易患……病的)to mental illness? College can be a breeding ground for Psychiatric problems. Poor eating habits and irregular sleeping patterns-especially combined with the academic stress of college life -may all play roles in triggering mental problems. Additionally, many of the major psychiatric illnesses including depression often do not manifest themselves until the late teens or early 20s.

　　練習題：

　　Choose correct answers to the question:

　　1. Anita Rutnam couldn't finish college most probably because_____

　　A. she couldn't get enough concern from Syracuse University

　　B. she wasn't physically healthy enough to continue schooling

　　C. she still kept thinking about killing herself whenever at school

　　D. she has been troubled by the memory of the incident very often

　　2. What does the author want us to know through Anita Rutnam's story?

　　A. The universities are not responsible for their students.

　　B. Suicides are popular on college campus and should be handled properly.

　　C. Why Anita committed suicide is still a mystery.

　　D. Universities should get prepared in case their students sue them.

　　3. What does Anita accuse her former school of?

　　A. Ignorance of her abnormal behaviors.

　　B. Lack of safeguard against her suicidal intention.

　　C. Failure to give her proper academic instructions.

　　D. Indifference to her physical disease.

　　4. How does Syracuse University defend itself against Anita's suit?

　　A. It has given her due attention as well as help.

　　B. Adult students should be able to control their own behavior.

　　C. It is more than the school's responsibility to supervise the students.

　　D. Colleges can be a breeding ground for psychiatric problems.

　　5. All the following problems are implied as possible causes of campus suicide incidents EXCEPT _____.

　　A. poor academic results

　　B. failing to get proper sleep

　　C. lack of family concern

　　D. family history of mental illness

　　1.[D] 事實細節題。根據題干定位第2段第2、3句。這兩句之間存在隱含的因果關系，第2句是因，第3句是果。只有選項D在第2句提到其他選項均未提及。

　　2.[B] 推理判斷題。本文開頭的例子所支持的現點在第3段第1句，同時結合suicide，此題答案為B。選項A、D的觀點有誤,選項C與本文的寫作目的無關。

　　3.[B] 事實細節題。第2段第3句中的malpractice和第4句中的虛擬語氣說明，她認為學校沒有對她的自殺企圖采取足夠的防范措施，故選B。選項A最具干擾性，但第3句說明學校關注過她的問題，只是關注不夠，因此選項A過于絕對。選項C中的academic instructions和D中的physical disease屬于與文章無關的信息。

　　4.[A] 事實細節題。第4段倒數第2句引文是該校發言人的辯護詞，與選項A的意思一致。選項B、C為無關信息。選項D是原文最后一段的原句照搬,與此題不相關。

　　5.[C] 事實細節題。最后一段提到造成精神疾病的多種原因。第1句中的generally predisposed為先天具有之意,與選項D的內容吻合。選項B和A分別對應文中破折號前后的內容。

　　2017年英語四級閱讀練習：女人的地位

　　It is not often realized that women held a high place in southern European societies in the 10th and 11th centuries. As a wife, the woman was protected by the setting up of a dowry (彩禮). Admittedly, the purposeof this was to protect her against the risk of desertion, but in reality its function in the social and family life of the time was much more important. The dowry was the wife’s right to receive a tenth of all her husband’s property. The wife had the right to with hold consent, in all transactions the husband wouldmake, and more than just a right; the documents show that she enjoyed a real power of decision, equal to that of her husband. In no case do the documents indicate any degree of difference in the legal status of husband and wife.

　　The wife shared in the management of her husband’s personal property, but the opposite was not always true. Women seemed perfectly prepared to defend their own inheritance against husbands who tried to exceed their rights, and on occasion they showed a fine fighting spirit. A case in point is that of Maria Vivas. Having agreed with her husband Miro to sell a field she had inherited, for the needs of the household, she insisted on compensation. None being offered, she succeeded in dragging her husband to the scribe(法學家) to have a contract duly drawn up assigning her a piece of land from Miro’s personal inheritance. The unfortunate husband was obliged to agree, as the contract says, “for the sake of peace.” Either through the dowry or through being hot-tempered, the wife knew how to win herself, with the context of the family, a powerful economic position.ric illnesses including depression often do not manifest themselves until the late teens or early 20s.

　　練習題：

　　Choose correct answers to the question:

　　1. A decimum was ________.

　　A. the wife's inheritance from her father

　　B. a gift of money to the new husband

　　C.a protection of the wife’s right

　　D. a written contract

　　2. In the 10th and11th centuries in southern European, women’s social position was ______.

　　A. higher than men’s

　　B. as high as men’s

　　C. lower than men’s

　　D.never recognized

　　3.The purpose of mentioning the case of Maria Vivas_____

　　A.to show women had the same rights as,if not more than,their husband

　　B.to prove hot-tempered woman held a powerful economic position

　　C.to tell the readers the real situations in some countries

　　D.to show the fight spirits of woman

　　4.Could a husband sell his wife's inheritance?

　　A. Yes, if she agreed.

　　B. No, under no circumstances.

　　C. Yes, whenever he wished to.

　　D, Yes, if his father-in-law agreed.

　　5. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an effect of the dowry system?

　　A. The husband had to share the power of decision in marriage.

　　B. The wife could manage her husband’s personal property.

　　C. The wife gained a powerful economic position.

　　D. The wife would not be deserted by her husband.

　　1.[C] 詞義推斷題。第1段第2句指出了 decimum的作用，即與“彩禮”相當，作為保護婦女的工具。第4句以 “The decimum was...”的句式指出其定義，綜合這兩句，可斷定選項C正確。

　　2.[B] 推理判斷題。文章第1句就表明婦女當時的地位很高，第1段最后兩句表明婦女與其丈夫的地位并無不同，是平等的，因此可以推斷本題答案應為B。

　　3.[A] 推理判斷題。本題考查例子與觀點的關系。該例子是為了證明其前面，即第2段開頭兩句的觀點,選項A是對這兩句話的總結。

　　4.[A]推理判斷題。本題考査從例子的推斷。根據Maria Vivas的例子可確定答案，而且從第2段第4句中的Having agreed with her husband可推斷售賣妻子繼承的財產必須先征得妻子的同意，因此選項A正確。

　　5.[D] 事實細節題。可用排除法找出答案。第1段倒數第2句可證明選項A正確，第2段首句可證明選項B正確，第2段末句可表明選項C正確，只有選項D太絕對。

　　2017年英語四級閱讀練習：壓力

　　In the 1960s, medical researchers Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe developed a checklist of stressful events.They appreciated the tricky point that any major change can be stressful. Negative events like “serious illness of a family member” were high on the list, but so were some positive life-changing events, like marriage. When you take the Holmes-Rahe test you must remember that the score does not reflect how you dealwith stress—it only shows how much you have to deal with. And we now know that the way you handle these events dramatically affects your chances of staying healthy.

　　By the early 1970s, hundreds of similar studies had followed Holmes and Rahe. And millions of Americans who work and live under stress worried over the reports. Somehow, the research got boiled down to a memorable message. Women’s magazines ran headlines like “Stress causes illness!” If you want to stay physicallyand mentally healthy, the articles said, avoid stressful events.

　　But such simplistic advice is impossible to follow. Even if stressful events are dangerous, many—like thedeath of a loved one—are impossible to avoid. Moreover, any warning to avoid all stressful events is a prescription (處方) for staying away from opportunities as well as trouble. Since any change can be stressful, a person who wanted to be completely free of stress would never marry, have a child, take a new job or move.

　　The notion that all stress makes you sick also ignores a lot of what we know about people. It assumes we’re all vulnerable (脆弱的) and passive in the face of adversity (逆境). But what about human initiative and creativity? Many come through periods of stress with more physical and mental vigor than they had before.We also know that a long time without change or challenge can lead to boredom, and physical and metal strain.

　　練習題：

　　Choose correct answers to the question:

　　1. The result of Holmes-Rahe’s medical research tells us ________.

　　A. the way you handle major events may cause stress

　　B. what should be done to avoid stress

　　C. what kind of event would cause stress

　　D. how to cope with sudden changes in life

　　22. The studies on stress in the early 1970’s led to ________.

　　A. widespread concern over its harmful effects

　　B. great panic over the mental disorder it could cause

　　C. an intensive research into stress-related illnesses

　　D. popular avoidance of stressful jobs

　　23. The score of the Holmes-Rahe test shows ________.

　　A. how much pressure you are under

　　B. how positive events can change your life

　　C. how stressful a major event can be

　　D. how you can deal with life-changing events

　　24. Why is “such simplistic advice” (Line 1, Para. 3) impossible to follow?

　　A. No one can stay on the same job for long.

　　B. No prescription is effective in relieving stress.

　　C. People have to get married someday.

　　D. You could be missing opportunities as well.

　　25. According to the passage people who have experienced ups and downs may become ____.

　　A. nervous when faced with difficulties

　　B. physically and mentally strained

　　C. more capable of coping with adversity

　　D. indifferent toward what happens to them

　　1.[C] 事實細節題。根據文章的第1句話可知，這兩位科學家對造成人們壓力的事件列了一個清單,故C與此相符,為正確答案。

　　2.[A] 事實細節題。根據文章第2段第2句“…millions of Americans... worried over the reports.”可見此研究報告引起了 widespread concern,故選A。

　　3.[A] 事實細節題。根據第1段第4句中的does not reflect..., it only shows...可知本題答案應為破折號后的內容，其中how much指的是how much stress,故可知A為正確答案。

　　4.[D] 推理判斷題。這里的建議是指第2段末尾提出的“避免帶來壓力的事”。根據第3段第3句“而且，警告人們遠離壓力，這個處方不僅使人避免麻煩，同時也使人放棄了機會”,故選D。

　　5.[C] 推理判斷題。根據文章倒數第2句“很多人經歷一段時間的壓力后，無論是身體還是精神都比原來更有活力”，故選C。